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Contents
I. BASIC SCIENCE
Subsections
1. Introduction
1.1 The importance of reducing production costs
1.2 Designed/Undesigned Scrap/Cost
1.3 Linking the Production Cost to the Product Design
1.4 Historical Background
1.5 Numerical Simulations
1.6 ``Integral'' Models
1.7 Conclusion
2. Basic Fluid Mechanics
2.1 Introduction
2.2 What is fluid? Shear streass
2.2.1 Thermodynamics and mechanics concepts
2.2.1.1 Thermodynamics
2.2.2 Control Volume, c.v.
2.2.3 Energy Equation
2.2.4 Momentum Equaton
2.2.5 Compressible flow
3. Dimensional Analysis
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The processes in die casting
3.2.1 Filling the shot sleeve
3.2.2 Shot sleeve
3.2.3 Runner system
3.2.4 Die cavity
3.2.5 Intensification period and after
3.3 Special topics
3.3.1 Is the flow in die casting is turbulent?
Transition from laminar to turbulent
A note on numerical simulations
3.3.1.1 Additional note on numerical simulation
Reverse transition from turbulent flow to laminar flow
3.3.2 Dissipation effect on the temperature rise
3.3.3 Gravity effects
3.4 Estimates of the time scales in die casting
3.4.1 Utilizing semi dimensional analysis for characteristic time
filling time
Atomization time
Conduction time (die mold)
Conduction time in the liquid metal (solid)
Solidification time
3.4.1.1 Miller's approach
3.4.1.2 Present approach
Dissipation time
3.4.2 The ratios of various time scales
3.5 Similarity applied to Die cavity
3.5.1 Governing equations
3.5.2 Design of Experiments
3.6 Summary of dimensionless numbers
Reynolds number
Eckert number
Brinkman number
Mach number
Ozer number
Froude number
Capillary number
Weber number
Critical vent area
3.7 Summary
3.8 Questions
4. Fundamentals of Pipe Flow
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Universality of the loss coefficients
4.3 A simple flow in a straight conduit
4.3.1 Examples of the calculations
4.4 Typical Components in the Runner andVent Systems
4.4.1 bend
4.4.2 Y connection
4.4.3 Expansion/Contraction
4.5 Putting it all to Together
4.5.1 Series Connection
4.5.2 Parallel Connection
5. Flow in Open Channels
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Typical diagrams
5.3 Hydraulic Jump
Genick Bar-Meir ||| www.potto.org
copyright Dec , 2006
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